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Intergenerational and Lifetime Transference of Attachment
There are multiple consequences of different attachment patterns that are formed in childhood development. This Article will explore the way attachment patterns are formed, how parents pass on their attachment styles, long term consequences of attachment patters, and cross cultural attachment patterns.
==Origins of Attachment==
:The origins of infant attachment can be understood along several different axes: the level of sensitivity in the mother’s interactions with her child, the degree to which the mother is rejecting in her interactions with her child, and the level of activity in the mother’s interactions with her child. The current body of research on attachment theory suggests that these specific aspects of maternal behavior play a significant role in determining the attachment formed between mother and child both early in development and generally across time. Measures of these characteristics have predicted the type and degree of the infant-mother attachment formed.
:Higher levels of sensitivity in maternal behavior, as defined by the speed at which the mother detects and responds to slight signals or changes in her infant’s behavior or environment, are more likely to result in the formation of a secure attachment. Analyses of interactions observed and measured at several stages during an extended period of infant development (1 month, 4 months, and 9 months) show that at all stages mothers of secure infants are more sensitively responsive than mothers of insecure infants, the lowest levels of sensitivity being observed in mother-infant pairs developing an insecure-resistant attachment specifically. High levels of rejecting behavior, as defined by the degree to which a mother affectionately interacts with her child, are more likely to result in the formation of insecure mother-infant attachments. At all three ages of measurement, highly rejecting mothers are more likely to have insecure-resistant one-year-olds, and the infants of mothers who were highly rejecting at 9 months are more likely to display avoidance in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment.〔Fraley RC, Spieker SJ. A Taxometric Analysis of Strange Situation Behavior.” Developmental Psychology Vol. 39 (May 2003), pp. 387–404〕 High levels of activity in maternal interactions with the infant throughout the first year of development are more likely to result in the formation of a secure attachment. Of these factors, maternal sensitivity has been shown to be the most significant in determining the quality of the mother-infant attachment. Mothers who displayed the highest levels of overall sensitivity throughout the first year of development were more likely to have securely attached one-year olds exhibiting low levels of resistance and avoidance in the Strange Situation.〔Isabella, Russell A. Child Development Vol. 64, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp. 605-621〕
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